The EU has recently unveiled its Net-Zero Industry Act and Critical Raw Materials Act as part of its Green Deal Industrial Plan, aimed at ensuring that the EU can compete with the US and China in making clean tech products and accessing raw materials. In line with this, the EU has set a target of producing at least 40% of the products it needs for “net-zero” technologies, such as solar power or fuel cells, by 2030. About €23 trillion of this investment would come from redirecting investments that would otherwise have funded carbon-intensive technologies. This amounts to roughly 25% of the annual GDP of the EU. Mining and Metals industry would need to take decisive action to achieve the EU’s climate goals, and stakeholders would need to address several hurdles to accelerate the transition. To meet climate targets, the industry must develop and commercialise new low-CO2 technologies within the next 5-10 years.